java

[转]ssh免密登陆

首先，说明一下我们要做的是，serverA 服务器的 usera 用户免密码登录 serverB 服务器的 userb用户。

我们先使用usera 登录 serverA 服务器

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[root@serverA ~]# su - usera  
[usera@serverA ~]$ pwd  
/home/usera

然后在serverA上生成密钥对

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[usera@serverA ~]$ ssh-keygen -t rsa  
Generating public/private rsa key pair.  
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/usera/.ssh/id_rsa):   
Created directory '/home/usera/.ssh'.  
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):   
Enter same passphrase again:   
Your identification has been saved in /home/usera/.ssh/id_rsa.  
Your public key has been saved in /home/usera/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.  
The key fingerprint is:  
39:f2:fc:70:ef:e9:bd:05:40:6e:64:b0:99:56:6e:01 usera@serverA  
The key's randomart image is:  
+--[ RSA 2048]----+  
|          Eo*    |  
|           @ .   |  
|          = *    |  
|         o o .   |  
|      . S     .  |  
|       + .     . |  
|        + .     .|  
|         + . o . |  
|          .o= o. |  
+-----------------+

此时会在/home/usera/.ssh目录下生成密钥对

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[usera@serverA ~]$ ls -la .ssh  
总用量 16  
drwx------  2 usera usera 4096  8月 24 09:22 .  
drwxrwx--- 12 usera usera 4096  8月 24 09:22 ..  
-rw-------  1 usera usera 1675  8月 24 09:22 id_rsa  
-rw-r--r--  1 usera usera  399  8月 24 09:22 id_rsa.pub

然后将公钥上传到serverB 服务器的，并以userb用户登录

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[usera@portalweb1 ~]$ ssh-copy-id userb@10.124.84.20  
The authenticity of host '10.124.84.20 (10.124.84.20)' can't be established.  
RSA key fingerprint is f0:1c:05:40:d3:71:31:61:b6:ad:7c:c2:f0:85:3c:cf.  
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes  
Warning: Permanently added '10.124.84.20' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.  
userb@10.124.84.29's password:   
Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh 'userb@10.124.84.20'", and check in:  
  
  .ssh/authorized_keys  
  
to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

这个时候usera的公钥文件内容会追加写入到userb的 .ssh/authorized_keys 文件中

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[usera@serverA ~]$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub   
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA2dpxfvifkpswsbusPCUWReD/mfTWpDEErHLWAxnixGiXLvHuS9QNavepZoCvpbZWHade88KLPkr5XEv6M5RscHXxmxJ1IE5vBLrrS0NDJf8AjCLQpTDguyerpLybONRFFTqGXAc/ximMbyHeCtI0vnuJlvET0pprj7bqmMXr/2lNlhIfxkZCxgZZQHgqyBQqk/RQweuYAiuMvuiM8Ssk/rdG8hL/n0eXjh9JV8H17od4htNfKv5+zRfbKi5vfsetfFN49Q4xa7SB9o7z6sCvrHjCMW3gbzZGYUPsj0WKQDTW2uN0nH4UgQo7JfyILRVZtwIm7P6YgsI7vma/vRP0aw== usera@serverA

查看serverB服务器userb用户下的 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件，内容是一样的，此处我就不粘贴图片了。

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[userb@serverB ~]$ cat .ssh/authorized_keys   
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEA2dpxfvifkpswsbusPCUWReD/mfTWpDEErHLWAxnixGiXLvHuS9QNavepZoCvpbZWHade88KLPkr5XEv6M5RscHXxmxJ1IE5vBLrrS0NDJf8AjCLQpTDguyerpLybONRFFTqGXAc/ximMbyHeCtI0vnuJlvET0pprj7bqmMXr/2lNlhIfxkZCxgZZQHgqyBQqk/RQweuYAiuMvuiM8Ssk/rdG8hL/n0eXjh9JV8H17od4htNfKv5+zRfbKi5vfsetfFN49Q4xa7SB9o7z6sCvrHjCMW3gbzZGYUPsj0WKQDTW2uN0nH4UgQo7JfyILRVZtwIm7P6YgsI7vma/vRP0aw== usera@serverA

另外我们要注意，.ssh目录的权限为700，其下文件authorized_keys和私钥的权限为600。否则会因为权限问题导致无法免密码登录。我们可以看到登陆后会有known_hosts文件生成。

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[useb@serverB ~]$ ls -la .ssh  
total 24  
drwx------.  2 useb useb 4096 Jul 27 16:13 .  
drwx------. 35 useb useb 4096 Aug 24 09:18 ..  
-rw-------   1 useb useb  796 Aug 24 09:24 authorized_keys  
-rw-------   1 useb useb 1675 Jul 27 16:09 id_rsa  
-rw-r--r--   1 useb useb  397 Jul 27 16:09 id_rsa.pub  
-rw-r--r--   1 useb useb 1183 Aug 11 13:57 known_hosts

这样做完之后我们就可以免密码登录了

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[usera@serverA ~]$ ssh userb@10.124.84.20

另外，将公钥拷贝到服务器的~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中方法有如下几种：

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1、将公钥通过scp拷贝到服务器上，然后追加到~/.ssh/authorized_keys文件中，这种方式比较麻烦。scp -P 22 ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub user@host:~/。

2、通过ssh-copy-id程序，就是我演示的方法，ssh-copyid user@host即可

3、可以通过cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh -p 22 user@host ‘cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys’，这个也是比较常用的方法，因为可以更改端口号。